I don’t know if this will be terribly useful for helping with your problem. I had this problem very seldomly and I believe it was related to some X.org problem which was fixed after an update, but it could of course be something entirely different for you.
As a very first step, I would maybe look if there is anything suspicious going on in the output of sudo journalctl -S . Possible invocations are sudo journalctl -S 2023-08-14, or -S today or -S yesterday, or just sudo journalctl but then there may be a lot of output.
Oorrr, your distro doesn’t use systemd and this command doesn’t work (in which case you could try dmesg or looking under var/log manually, probably one of the most recently modified logfiles in there.
Depending on your distro there may be of course dedicated forums where the problem may already be known. The usual advice about updating packages etc. I will assume you have already followed^^
It might be a dud, but at least you’ll know :) In any case, I would consider checking https://forums.debian.net/ as well, in your case. Thinkpad + Debian sounds like a common combination, so the search function there might show some results.