but the later Minecraft games that were made after the Microsoft takeover have, for the most part, only come out for Microsoft platforms.

Today I've learned that the Nintendo Switch and PS4/5 are Microsoft platforms. Pretty much every console Minecraft game has made its way onto these systems.

Minecraft Dungeons, for instance, never came out on GNU or macOS.

Works just fine on Linux using Proton (they could totally prevent that if they wanted to) and Apple is pretty hostile to macOS gaming anyway.