A Copy on White file system that supports snapshots, supported mostly by
ZFS
Zetabyte File System
Copy on Write File System. Less flexible than BTRFS but generally more robust and stable. Better compression in my experience than BTRFS. Out of Kernel Linux support and native FreeBSD.
HFS+
what Mac uses, I have no clue about this. some Copy on Write stuff.
NTFS
Windows File System
From what I know, no compression or COW
In my experience less stable than ext4/ZFS but maybe it’s better nowadays.
I gotcha: