Regarding access tokens, there’s a third party credential helper for Linux that uses OAuth. I recently found it and started using it a month ago. Works pretty much the same as Git + Windows Credential Manager. In case you are running headless, there is a device mode flag that will allow you to login with the GitHub app on your phone.
https://github.com/hickford/git-credential-oauth
(And if you layer a timed cache helper before the OAuth helper… well you shouldn’t have to reauthenticate every time!)
Otherwise, the Git manual lists some other credential helpers that interface with some password managers.
I’ve actually been investigating Postgres cluster configurations the past 2 weeks at work (though we’re considering CloudNativePG+Kubernetes on 3 nodes spanning two physical locations).
One thing I might recommend is to investigate adding a proxy like PgBouncer in front of the databases. This will manage request differences where write-queries must go to the primary, but read-queries may go to any of the replicas as well.
It should also better handle the recycling of short-lived and orphaned connections, which may become more of a concern on your stage 3, and especially on some stage 4.